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Korean shamanism, also known as Muism ((朝鮮語:무교) ''Mugyo'' "''mu'' () religion")〔Used in: Chang Soo-kyung, Kim Tae-gon. ''Korean Shamanism – Muism''. Jimoondang, 1998.〕 or Sinism ( ''Singyo'' "religion of the ''shin'' () ()",〔Used in: Margaret Stutley. ''Shamanism: A Concise Introduction''. Routledge, 2003.〕 is the ethnic religion of Korea and the Koreans.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 4〕 Although used synonymously, the two terms aren't identical:〔 Jung Young Lee describes Muism as a form of Sinism - the shamanic tradition within the religion.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 5〕 Other names for the religion are Sindo ( "Way of the Gods"), Sindoism ( ''Sindogyo'' "religion of the Way of the Gods"),〔Lee Chi-ran, p. 13〕 Gosindo ( "Way of the Ancestral Gods"),〔Lee Chi-ran, p. 12〕 and Pungwoldo ( "Way of Brightness").〔Lee Chi-ran, p. 14〕 It has approximately 5-15 million followers. In contemporary Korean language the shaman-priest or ''mu'' () is known as a ''mudang'' ( ) if female or ''baksu'' if male, although other names and locutions are used.〔 Korean ''mu'' "shaman" is synonymous with Chinese ''wu'', which defines priests both male and female.〔 The role of the ''mudang'' is to act as intermediary between the spirits or gods, and the human plain, through ''gut'' (rituals), seeking to resolve problems in the patterns of development of human life.〔Joon-sik Choi, 2006. p. 21〕 Central to the faith is the belief in ''Haneullim'' or ''Hwanin'', meaning "source of all being",〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 18〕 and of all gods of nature,〔 the utmost god or the supreme mind.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 17〕 The ''mu'' are mythically described as descendants of the "Heavenly King", son of the "Holy Mother (the Heavenly King )", with investiture often passed down through female princely lineage.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 5-12〕 However, other myths link the heritage of the traditional faith to Dangun, male son of the Heavenly King and initiator of the Korean nation.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 13〕 Korean Muism has similarities with Chinese Wuism,〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 21〕 Japanese Shinto, and with the Siberian, Mongolian, and Manchurian religious traditions.〔 As highlighted by anthropological studies, the Korean ancestral god Dangun is related to the Ural-Altaic Tengri "Heaven", the shaman and the prince.〔Sorensen, p. 19-20〕〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 17-18〕 In some provinces of Korea the shaman is still called ''dangul dangul-ari''.〔 The ''mudang'' is similar to the Japanese ''miko'' and the Ryukyuan ''yuta''. Muism has exerted an influence on some Korean new religions, such as Cheondoism and Jeung San Do. According to various sociological studies, many Christian churches in Korea make use of practices rooted in shamanism.〔Andrew E. Kim. ''(Korean Religious Culture and Its Affinity to Christianity )''. Korea University, Sociology of Religion, 2000.〕 ==The ''mu''== (詳細はKorean word ''mu'' is thought to come from the same root as the Chinese ''wu'',〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 3-5〕 defining a shaman-priest of both sexes. The Korean language and culture, however, has developed its own terminology: already in Yi dynasty records, ''mudang'' is used prevalently instead of ''mu''.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 3〕 Also ''mudang'' apparently derives from Chinese, and originally meant the "altar (shrine ) of ''mu''" and not the person itself.〔 A different etymology explains ''mudang'' as stemming directly from the Uralo-Altaic term ''utagan'' or ''utakan'', for Central Asian female shamans.〔 The Korean word 'Mu" means "Heaven" of Mago(Samshin, Trinity god) land. The priest for Mu (Heaven) is Muin(巫人) of Shaman. Man in Shaman is the meaning of the muin (man) of Suri(one of Trinity). ''Mudang'' is used mostly for female shamans, though not exclusively.〔 Male Korean ''mu'' are called by a variety of names, such as ''sana mudang'' (literally "male ''mudang''") in the Seoul area, or ''baksu mudang'', also shortened ''baksu'' ("doctor", "healer") in the Pyongyang area.〔 It is reasonable to believe that ''baksu'' is an ancient authentic designation of male shamans, and that locutions like ''sana mudang'' or ''baksu mudang'' were formed because of the prevalence of female shamans in recent centuries.〔 ''Baksu'' may come from a Korean adaptation of Ural-Altaic names for male shamans, such as ''baksi'', ''balsi'' or ''bahsih''.〔 Mudang is not the person of shaman. Mu means "Heaven" and the respect for Heaven. It's a ritual of religious customs from the ancient Korea of Han Nation. Dang is considered as Dangun (King of Dan Nation) or Tenguri (Heavenly King from the Heaven, Hevenly King or God), but Dang(堂) is the place where the Heavenly God (天神) landed in the earth at the first time. It is memorized as Big Tree of Wongsang, which is meaning of God coming place and Tree (神壇樹), that is the meaning of "Life Tree" in Bible. Therefore, Mudang is the respect for the place Heavenly God was landing on the earth. The Dang is the secret place of God and symbol of the Korean traditional belief system for over 6,000 years. It is the God Palace for Trinity God from the Heaven Land. The Ural-Altaic origin of Muist terminology is more reasonable than other theories pointing out a Chinese origin,〔 since the Chinese culture influenced Korea in a later period than that when the origins of the latter can be traced.〔 Koreans adopted the Chinese characters in historical times filtering their previously oral religious culture.〔 The ''mu'' is known as "magician, medicine man, mystic and poet" (Eliade, 1974). What set him apart from other healers and priests is his ability to move at will into trance states. During a trance, the shaman's soul leaves his body and travelled to other realms, where helping spirits guide him in his work. The ''mu'' provides healing on many levels: physical, psychological and spiritual. The work of the ''mu'' is based on the holistic model, which takes into consideration, not only the whole person, but the individual's interaction with his environment, both his inner and outer world. The soul is considered the place of life breath, where a human's essence (life energy) resides, and any physical illness is inextricably linked with sickness of the soul. Illness of the mind has its origins (root cause) in soul loss, intrusion or possession. The ''gut'', rites of the Korean ''mu'', have gone through a number of changes through the Silla and Goryeo periods. Even during the Joseon, which was heavily Confucian, Muist rites persisted. In the past such rites included agricultural rites, such as prayers for abundant harvest. With a shift away from agriculture in modern Korea this has largely been lost, and modern-day ''mu'' are more focused on the fulfillment of the spiritual or mundane needs of urban people. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Korean shamanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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